Mobile Application Development Important Questions | MAD 22617 Question Bank - 1

1. Describe Android and importance of OHA.
Google developed a mobile operating system based on Linux kernel called an Android Operating System, its designed for smartphones (touchscreen devices). It gives unified approach for mobile application development. Android is an open-source operating system and freely available those who wants to write code and build the operating system from it.
The Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is a business alliance that was formed in November 2007. OHA is a group in charge of Android Smartphone OS created by Google. It is the group of more than 80 companies including Google, HTC, Dell, Intel, Motorola, etc. This Business Alliance consists of 47 Companies for developing open standard platform for mobile. The OHA's main product is android operating system.

2. List and explain features of Android.^IMP
1. Near Field Communication (NFC): NFC allows electronic devices to easily interact across short distances, most android devices support NFC.
2. Connectivity: Android supports WI-FI, Bluetooth, LTE, VoLTE, NFC, WiMAX, GSM/EDGE, CDMA, etc connectivity.
3. Multi-tasking: Using this feature android user can go from one application to another application and in the same time user can run multiple applications simultaneously.
4. Resizable Widgets: In the Android widgets are resizable, so user can expand then to show more content and also according to the user can shrink them to save space.
5. Multi-Language: Android supports multiple languages, user can choose/select language which is belongs to their region. Android supports English, Hindi, Marathi, Arabic, German, etc. languages. It also supports single direction and bi-directional text.

3. Explain Android architecture.^IMP
Android architecture or Android software stack is categorized into five parts.
1. Linux Kernel
2. Native Libraries(Middleware)
3. Android Runtime
4. Application Framework
5. Applications
Now let's know about the android architecture in details.
1. Linux Kernel: It is the core of Android Operating System that exists at the root of Android architecture. Linux Kernel is responsible for device drivers such as Bluetooth driver, audio driver, Wi-Fi driver, display driver, camera driver, USB driver, etc. Also it is responsible for power management, memory management, device management and resource access.
2. Native Libraries: On the top of Linux Kernel, there are Native Libraries such as Media, SQLite, SSL, OpenGL, Free Type, Graphics, C runtime library (libc), etc. The WebKit library is responsible for browser support, SQLite is for database, Free Type is for font support, Media is for playing and recording audio and video formats.
3. Android Runtime: In android runtime, there are core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine) which is responsible to run android application.
4. Android Framework: On the top of Native libraries and android runtime, there is android framework. Android framework includes Activity Manager, Window Manager, Content Providers, Resource Manager, View System, Location Manager, etc. It provides a lot of classes and interfaces for android application development.
5. Applications: On the top of Android Framework, there are applications. All applications such as Home, Clock, Calender, Contact, Gallery, etc. are included in Applications.

4. Explain Android SDK and Java JDK.
Android SDK is a software development kit that enables developers to develop advanced applications for the Android platform. Applications are created using the Java programming language and run on Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM).
The Android SDK includes the following:
1. Required libraries
2. Debugger
3. An emulator
4. Relevant documentation for the Android application program interface (APIs)
5. Sample source code
Java JDK is known as Java Development Kit. The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a software development environment for building applications, applets and components using java programming language. It physically exists. It contains JRE + development tools. The Java Development Kit is a software package that includes a variety of tools and utilities that make it possible to create, package, monitor and deploy applications that build for any standard Java platform, including
1. Standard Edition Java Platform
2. Enterprise Edition Java Platform
3. Micro Edition Java Platform
The JDK contains a private Java Virtual Machine (JVM) it also contains other resources such as an interpreter, a compiler, a documentation generator), etc. to complete the building of a Java Application.
5. List features of Android SDK.
• No licensing, distribution, or development fees
• Wi-Fi hardware access
• GSM, EGDE, and 3G networks for telephony or data transfer
• Comprehensive APIs designed for location-based services such as GPS
• An integrated open source WebKit-based browser
• OpenGLIES
• Media libraries
• Shared data stores
• IPC message passing
6. Explain Android Virtual Device (AVD).
An Android Virtual Device is a configuration that defines the characteristics of an Android phone, tablet, Wear OS, Android TV, or Automotive OS device that we want to simulate in the Android Emulator.
The Device Manager is an interface you can launch from Android Studio that helps you create and manage AVDs.
An AVD contains a
• Hardware profile
• System image
• Storage area
• Skin, other properties
7. Explain Android Emulators and list the features of Emulators.
The Android Emulator simulates Android devices on our computer so that we can test our application on a variety of devices and Android API levels without needing to have each physical device.
The emulator provides almost all of the capabilities of a real Android device. Using Emulators we can simulate incoming phone calls and text messages, access the Google Play Store, and much more. Testing our app on the emulator is faster and easier than a device connected over USB.
The emulator comes with predefined configurations for various Android phone, tablet, Wear OS, and Android TV devices.
Features of Android Emulators:
• A 16-bit LCD display
• A sound chip among output and input capabilities.
• Flash memory partitions (emulated through disk image files on the development machine).
• A GSM modem, including a simulated SIM card.
• A camera, using a webcam connected to our development computer.
8. Write down the steps to install & configure Android Studio.
• Download the latest version of Android Studio from the browser.
• If you are installing Android Studio on Windows, you will find a file with ‘.exe’ then run the file on Windows.
• So let’s launch Android Studio.exe, before launch Android Studio we need to install Java JDK.
• Then mention JDK path in Android Studio installer
• Now check the components you want to install like, Android SDK, Android Virtual Device, Performance and we need to specify ram space for Android Emulator
• Now it extract SDK packages into our local machine and then click on finish button
• Now open Android Studio and click on New project
• Then enter your new project name
• Select the activity to mobile then it going to be open development tools to write the application code.
• At the final stage, to test your application, you will need Android Virtual Device.
• After successfully add AVD, you can test your application.